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Brain Edema XIII pp 444–450Cite as

Inflammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors

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Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 96))

Summary

Brain edema is associated with a variety of neuropathological conditions such as brain trauma, ischemic and hypoxic brain injury, central nervous system infection, acute attacks of multiple sclerosis, and brain tumors. A common finding is an inflammatory response, which may have a significant impact on brain edema formation. One critical event in the development of brain edema is blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which may be initiated and regulated by several proinflammatory mediators (oxidative mediators, adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines). These mediators not only regulate the magnitude of leukocyte extravasation into brain parenchyma, but also act directly on brain endothelial cells causing the loosening of junction complexes between endothelial cells, increasing brain endothelial barrier permeability, and causing vasogenic edema. Here we review junction structure at the BBB, the effects of pro-inflammatory mediators on that structure, and focus on the effects of chemokines at the BBB. New evidence indicates that chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) do not merely direct leukocytes to areas of injury. They also have direct and indirect effects on the BBB leading to BBB disruption, facilitating entry of leukocytes into brain, and inducing vasogenic brain edema formation. Chemokine inhibition may be a new therapeutic target to reduce vasogenic brain edema.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5550 Kresge I Bldg., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0532, USA

    S. M. Stamatovic, O. B. Dimitrijevic, R. F. Keep & A. V. Andjelkovic

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    R. F. Keep

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    A. V. Andjelkovic

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  1. S. M. Stamatovic
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  2. O. B. Dimitrijevic
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  3. R. F. Keep
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  4. A. V. Andjelkovic
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Julian T. Hoff , Richard F. Keep , Guohua Xi  & Ya Hua , ,  & 

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Stamatovic, S.M., Dimitrijevic, O.B., Keep, R.F., Andjelkovic, A.V. (2006). Inflammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors. In: Hoff, J.T., Keep, R.F., Xi, G., Hua, Y. (eds) Brain Edema XIII. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 96. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30714-1_91

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30714-1_91

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