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The Influence of Gene–Environment Interactions on the Development of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence

  • GENETIC DISORDERS (JF CUBELLS AND EB BINDER, SECTION EDITORS)
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Abstract

Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk–resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G × E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G × E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.

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    Mary-Anne Enoch

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Enoch, MA. The Influence of Gene–Environment Interactions on the Development of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 14, 150–158 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-011-0252-9

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