Original articleDepressive Behavior in Mice Due to Immune Stimulation is Accompanied by Reduced Neural Activity in Brain Regions Involved in Positively Motivated Behavior
Section snippets
Subjects
Swiss Webster male mice, 8–10 weeks old, were subjects. The animals were housed singly with nesting material in standard mouse cages at a room temperature of 22 ± 1°C under a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on 0500 hours) for 5 days before all procedures. Food and water were available ad libitum.
Experiment 1. Effect of LPS on Exploration of Fresh Cage
All experiments were performed between 0800 hours and 1100 hours to obtain low baseline values for fos and MAPK responses. Mice received an i.p. injection of either vehicle (water) or LPS (20 or 100
Exp. 1. Behavior
The effect of LPS on exploration of the fresh cage is shown in Figure 2. As the two measures of gross movements and number of cage crosses were highly correlated (r = .98, p < .001) only the former measure is presented. Vehicle injected animals showed a high and sustained level of activity lasting 90–120 min. Lipopolysaccharide produced a dose-dependent reduction of gross movements for the duration of the experiment (overall F2,12 = 44.25, p < .001, linear with dose, F1,12 = 86.92, p < .001).
Effects of LPS and Reserpine
Discussion
The current results show that LPS pretreatment blocks fresh cage-induced neural activation in brain regions involved in α1-adrenoceptor-induced behavioral activation. In agreement with previous studies cited above, the fresh cage stimulus was found to induce marked fos expression in the M2, Pir and Cing cortices, and NAc regions in which α1-adrenoceptors stimulate gross behavioral activity and local fos expression. Fresh cage exposure also increased fos expression in the PVH and BNST although
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2020, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :PVN cells, including a large number of its AVP-expressing cells, respond to LPS with increased fos activation (Matsunaga et al., 2000). A central role of the PVN in sickness behavior is also suggested by studies showing correlated changes in behavior and neurochemical parameters in the PVN following LPS treatment (Lacosta et al., 1999; Stone et al., 2006). Likewise, the SCN is an important regulator of immune responding, as lesions of this structure exacerbate reactions to LPS (Guerrero-Vargas et al., 2014).
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