Archival ReportAbnormal Amygdala-Prefrontal Effective Connectivity to Happy Faces Differentiates Bipolar from Major Depression
Section snippets
Participants
The University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol. Sixteen healthy control participants (HC) with no previous personal or family history of psychiatric illness in first and second degree relatives participated in the study. Thirty-one adults: 15 with bipolar disorder, Type I, in depressed episode (BD); and 16 with major depressive disorder in depressed episode (MDD), diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV,
Behavioral Analyses
There were no differences among groups in labeling of emotional face in both experiments (p > .05) (Table 1). Moreover, no emotion labeling differences were found between the two depressed groups (p > .1) (Table 1).
Functional Integration—DCM: Between-Group Differences in EC
There was a significant group difference upon left-sided top-down OMPFC–amygdala EC during the happy experiment [χ2(2) = 11.5, p = .003] (Table 2). Relative to HC, both MDD and BD had significantly reduced EC (MDD: U = 52, p = .004, Cohen's d effect size (d) = .95 and BD: U = 52, p =
Discussion
This is the first study to examine EC between key neural regions in emotion regulatory neural systems in bipolar and major depression. We found that different patterns of abnormal left-sided top-down OMPFC–amygdala during happy emotion labeling distinguished BD and MDD from HC, whereas only BD differed from HC on right-sided bottom-up amygdala–OMPFC EC. The MDD showed significantly greater negative left-sided top-down OMPFC–amygdala EC than HC, whereas BD showed significantly reduced positive
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