ReviewReview of the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
Section snippets
Methods and Materials
A search of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Embase Psychiatry 1997 through January 2013, Ovid Medline 1966 through January 2013, PubMed 1990 through January 2013, and PsycInfo 1990 through 2013, with the search terms auditory verbal hallucination, auditory hallucination, psychosis, psychotic features, noninvasive treatment, transcranial magnetic
Results
A total of 134 studies were considered, and 115 were excluded. The reasons for exclusion are presented in Table 1. Details of the 19 randomized, sham-controlled studies that were included are presented in Table 2.
Discussion
With an increase in the number of studies exploring the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of AVH, it is becoming increasingly possible to predict the place that rTMS will deserve in the treatment guidelines for psychosis, and notably AVH.
Treatment with rTMS results in a moderate reduction of the severity of AVH (effect size .44) compared with sham treatment. For medication-resistant AVH, the effect size did not change significantly (i.e., to .45).
The mean weighted effect size on the severity
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