Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchEmotion Processing Influences Working Memory Circuits in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Section snippets
Participants
Patient participants were recruited from the child psychiatry clinics at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), and healthy controls were recruited from the neighboring community through word-of-mouth and advertisement. This study was approved by the UIC Institutional Review Board. We obtained assent for children and adolescents aged less than 15 years, and informed consent for adolescents aged 15 years or more. Consent from at least one parent or legal guardian was also obtained.
We
Demographic and Clinical Data
Clinical and demographic data for the three study groups are illustrated in Table 1. Separate ANOVAs for each demographic measure revealed no group differences for age, [F(2,53) = 0.23, p = .79], and estimated IQ [F(2,53) = 2.44, p = .10]. For SES, there were no significant group differences, although there was a nonsignificant trend [F(2,53) = 2.79, p = .07] suggesting somewhat lower SES scores in the PBD group compared with the ADHD and the HC groups. We also found no significant group
Discussion
The central finding of the present fMRI study is that the neural substrate of working memory is differentially influenced by face emotion processing in PBD and ADHD, in that relative to the ADHD group the PBD group exhibited greater deployment of the emotion processing circuitry and relative to the PBD group the ADHD group showed greater deployment of prefrontal working memory circuitry. Albeit preliminary, this finding suggests the possibility of different neural phenotypes for the interface
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This work is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH K23 RR18638-01), the Dana Foundation, and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression.
We thank the children and families who participated in this study. We also thank Ms. Erin Harral of the University of Illinois at Chicago for help with subject testing and data processing.
Disclosure: Dr. Pavuluri has received research support from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Independent Investigator Award, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, GlaxoSmithKline–NeuroHealth, Abbott Pharmaceuticals, and Janssen Research Foundation. Dr. Sweeney has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Eli Lilly and Co. Dr. Passarotti reports no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.