Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T05:33:09.167Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

No progressive brain changes during a 1-year follow-up of patients with first-episode psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2015

U. K. Haukvik ,
C. B. Hartberg ,
S. Nerland ,
K. N. Jørgensen ,
E. H. Lange ,
C. Simonsen ,
R. Nesvåg ,
A. M. Dale ,
O. A. Andreassen  and
I. Melle
...Show all authors
U. K. Haukvik*
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
C. B. Hartberg
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
S. Nerland
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
K. N. Jørgensen
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
E. H. Lange
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
C. Simonsen
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
R. Nesvåg
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
A. M. Dale
Affiliation:
NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
O. A. Andreassen
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
I. Melle
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
I. Agartz
Affiliation:
NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
*
*Address for correspondence: U. K. Haukvik, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1039 Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway. (Email: unn.haukvik@medisin.uio.no)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

First-episode psychosis (FEP) patients show structural brain abnormalities. Whether the changes are progressive or not remain under debate, and the results from longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are mixed. We investigated if FEP patients showed a different pattern of regional brain structural change over a 1-year period compared with healthy controls, and if putative changes correlated with clinical characteristics and outcome.

Method

MRIs of 79 FEP patients [SCID-I-verified diagnoses: schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder, or other psychoses, mean age 27.6 (s.d. = 7.7) years, 66% male] and 82 healthy controls [age 29.3 (s.d. = 7.2) years, 66% male] were acquired from the same 1.5 T scanner at baseline and 1-year follow-up as part of the Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study, Oslo, Norway. Scans were automatically processed with the longitudinal stream in FreeSurfer that creates an unbiased within-subject template image. General linear models were used to analyse longitudinal change in a wide range of subcortical volumes and detailed thickness and surface area estimates across the entire cortex, and associations with clinical characteristics.

Results

FEP patients and controls did not differ significantly in annual percentage change in cortical thickness or area in any cortical region, or in any of the subcortical structures after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Within the FEP group, duration of untreated psychosis, age at illness onset, antipsychotic medication use and remission at follow-up were not related to longitudinal brain change.

Conclusions

We found no significant longitudinal brain changes over a 1-year period in FEP patients. Our results do not support early progressive brain changes in psychotic disorders.

Keywords

Bipolar disorderlongitudinal studiesmagnetic resonance imagingschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 3 , February 2016 , pp. 589 - 598
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aas, M, Haukvik, UK, Djurovic, S, Bergmann, O, Athanasiu, L, Tesli, MS, Hellvin, T, Steen, NE, Agartz, I, Lorentzen, S, Sundet, K, Andreassen, OA, Melle, I (2013). BDNF val66met modulates the association between childhood trauma, cognitive and brain abnormalities in psychoses. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 46C, 181–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agartz, I, Shoaf, S, Rawlings, RR, Momenan, R, Hommer, DW (2003). CSF monoamine metabolites and MRI brain volumes in alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Research 122, 21–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, NC, Nopoulos, P, Magnotta, V, Pierson, R, Ziebell, S, Ho, BC (2011). Progressive brain change in schizophrenia: a prospective longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 70, 672–679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreassen, OA, Thompson, WK, Schork, AJ, Ripke, S, Mattingsdal, M, Kelsoe, JR, Kendler, KS, O'Donovan, MC, Rujescu, D, Werge, T, Sklar, P, Roddey, JC, Chen, CH, McEvoy, L, Desikan, RS, Djurovic, S, Dale, AM (2013). Improved detection of common variants associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate. PLoS Genetics 9, e1003455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boonstra, G, Cahn, W, Schnack, HG, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Minderhoud, TC, Kahn, RS, van Haren, NE (2011). Duration of untreated illness in schizophrenia is not associated with 5-year brain volume change. Schizophrenia Research 132, 84–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahn, W, van Haren, NE, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Schnack, HG, Caspers, E, Laponder, DA, Kahn, RS (2006). Brain volume changes in the first year of illness and 5-year outcome of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 189, 381–382.Google Scholar
Cannon, TD, Chung, Y, He, G, Sun, D, Jacobson, A, van Erp, TG, McEwen, S, Addington, J, Bearden, CE, Cadenhead, K, Cornblatt, B, Mathalon, DH, McGlashan, T, Perkins, D, Jeffries, C, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, M, Walker, E, Woods, SW, Heinssen, R; North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Consortium (2015). Progressive reduction in cortical thickness as psychosis develops: a multisite longitudinal neuroimaging study of youth at elevated clinical risk. Biological Psychiatry 77, 147–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dale, AM, Fischl, B, Sereno, MI (1999). Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 9, 179–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dazzan, P, Soulsby, B, Mechelli, A, Wood, SJ, Velakoulis, D, Phillips, LJ, Yung, AR, Chitnis, X, Lin, A, Murray, RM, McGorry, PD, McGuire, PK, Pantelis, C (2012). Volumetric abnormalities predating the onset of schizophrenia and affective psychoses: an MRI study in subjects at ultrahigh risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 1083–1091.Google Scholar
Ebdrup, BH, Norbak, H, Borgwardt, S, Glenthoj, B (2013). Volumetric changes in the basal ganglia after antipsychotic monotherapy: a systematic review. Current Medicinal Chemistry 20, 438–447.Google ScholarPubMed
Engh, JA, Friis, S, Birkenaes, AB, Jonsdottir, H, Klungsoyr, O, Ringen, PA, Simonsen, C, Vaskinn, A, Opjordsmoen, S, Andreassen, OA (2010). Delusions are associated with poor cognitive insight in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 36, 830–835.Google Scholar
Fischl, B, Salat, DH, Busa, E, Albert, M, Dieterich, M, Haselgrove, C, van der Kouwe, A, Killiany, R, Kennedy, D, Klaveness, S, Montillo, A, Makris, N, Rosen, B, Dale, AM (2002). Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron 33, 341–355.Google Scholar
Fischl, B, Salat, DH, van der Kouwe, AJ, Makris, N, Segonne, F, Quinn, BT, Dale, AM (2004). Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images. NeuroImage 23 (Suppl. 1), S69–S84.Google Scholar
Fischl, B, Sereno, MI, Dale, AM (1999). Cortical surface-based analysis. II: inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system. NeuroImage 9, 195–207.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Smieskova, R, Kempton, MJ, Ho, BC, Andreasen, NC, Borgwardt, S (2013). Progressive brain changes in schizophrenia related to antipsychotic treatment? A meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37, 1680–1691.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Galve, L, Chu, EM, Leeson, VC, Price, G, Barnes, TR, Joyce, EM, Ron, MA (2015). A longitudinal study of cortical changes and their cognitive correlates in patients followed up after first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine 45, 205–216.Google Scholar
Haukvik, UK, McNeil, T, Lange, EH, Melle, I, Dale, AM, Andreassen, OA, Agartz, I (2014). Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder. Psychological Medicine 44, 975–985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haukvik, UK, Schaer, M, Nesvag, R, McNeil, T, Hartberg, CB, Jonsson, EG, Eliez, S, Agartz, I (2012). Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Psychological Medicine 42, 1329–1337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haukvik, UK, Westlye, LT, Morch-Johnsen, L, Jorgensen, KN, Lange, EH, Dale, AM, Melle, I, Andreassen, OA, Agartz, I (2015). In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry 77, 581–588.Google Scholar
Ho, BC, Andreasen, NC, Ziebell, S, Pierson, R, Magnotta, V (2011). Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 68, 128–137.Google Scholar
Hulshoff Pol, HE, Kahn, RS (2008). What happens after the first episode? A review of progressive brain changes in chronically ill patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34, 354–366.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, KN, Skjaervo, I, Morch-Johnsen, L, Haukvik, UK, Lange, EH, Melle, I, Andreassen, OA, Agartz, I (2015). Cigarette smoking is associated with thinner cingulate and insular cortices in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience: JPN 40, 241–249.Google Scholar
Kahn, RS, Sommer, IE (2015). The neurobiology and treatment of first-episode schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry 20, 84–97.Google Scholar
Kay, SR, Fiszbein, A, Opler, LA (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 13, 261–276.Google Scholar
Koo, MS, Levitt, JJ, Salisbury, DF, Nakamura, M, Shenton, ME, McCarley, RW (2008). A cross-sectional and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of cingulate gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 746–760.Google Scholar
Lappin, JM, Morgan, C, Chalavi, S, Morgan, KD, Reinders, AA, Fearon, P, Heslin, M, Zanelli, J, Jones, PB, Murray, RM, Dazzan, P (2014). Bilateral hippocampal increase following first-episode psychosis is associated with good clinical, functional and cognitive outcomes. Psychological Medicine 44, 1279–1291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lichtenstein, P, Yip, BH, Bjork, C, Pawitan, Y, Cannon, TD, Sullivan, PF, Hultman, CM (2009). Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study. Lancet 373, 234–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malchow, B, Hasan, A, Fusar-Poli, P, Schmitt, A, Falkai, P, Wobrock, T (2013). Cannabis abuse and brain morphology in schizophrenia: a review of the available evidence. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 263, 3–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malchow, B, Keeser, D, Keller, K, Hasan, A, Rauchmann, BS, Kimura, H, Schneider-Axmann, T, Dechent, P, Gruber, O, Ertl-Wagner, B, Honer, WG, Hillmer-Vogel, U, Schmitt, A, Wobrock, T, Niklas, A, Falkai, P (2015). Effects of endurance training on brain structures in chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophrenia Research. Published online 23 January 2015. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.005.Google Scholar
Morgan, C, Lappin, J, Heslin, M, Donoghue, K, Lomas, B, Reininghaus, U, Onyejiaka, A, Croudace, T, Jones, PB, Murray, RM, Fearon, P, Doody, GA, Dazzan, P (2014). Reappraising the long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders: the AESOP-10 study. Psychological Medicine 44, 2713–2726.Google Scholar
Pope, MA, Joober, R, Malla, AK (2013). Diagnostic stability of first-episode psychotic disorders and persistence of comorbid psychiatric disorders over 1 year. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 58, 588–594.Google Scholar
Reuter, M, Rosas, HD, Fischl, B (2010). Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: a robust approach. NeuroImage 53, 1181–1196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reuter, M, Schmansky, NJ, Rosas, HD, Fischl, B (2012). Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis. NeuroImage 61, 1402–1418.Google Scholar
Rimol, LM, Hartberg, CB, Nesvag, R, Fennema-Notestine, C, Hagler, DJ Jr., Pung, CJ, Jennings, RG, Haukvik, UK, Lange, E, Nakstad, PH, Melle, I, Andreassen, OA, Dale, AM, Agartz, I (2010). Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry 68, 41–50.Google Scholar
Rimol, LM, Nesvag, R, Hagler, DJ Jr., Bergmann, O, Fennema-Notestine, C, Hartberg, CB, Haukvik, UK, Lange, E, Pung, CJ, Server, A, Melle, I, Andreassen, OA, Agartz, I, Dale, AM (2012). Cortical volume, surface area, and thickness in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry 71, 552–560.Google Scholar
Roiz-Santianez, R, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, V, Perez-Iglesias, R, Pazos, A, Sanchez, E, Crespo-Facorro, B (2014). Three-year longitudinal population-based volumetric MRI study in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients. Psychological Medicine 44, 1591–1604.Google Scholar
Salvatore, P, Baldessarini, RJ, Khalsa, HM, Amore, M, Di Vittorio, C, Ferraro, G, Maggini, C, Tohen, M (2013). Predicting diagnostic change among patients diagnosed with first-episode DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74, 723–731; quiz 731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salvatore, P, Baldessarini, RJ, Tohen, M, Khalsa, HM, Sanchez-Toledo, JP, Zarate, CA Jr, Vieta, E, Maggini, C (2011). McLean–Harvard International First-Episode Project: two-year stability of ICD-10 diagnoses in 500 first-episode psychotic disorder patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 72, 183–193.Google Scholar
Schaufelberger, MS, Lappin, JM, Duran, FL, Rosa, PG, Uchida, RR, Santos, LC, Murray, RM, McGuire, PK, Scazufca, M, Menezes, PR, Busatto, GF (2011). Lack of progression of brain abnormalities in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychological Medicine 41, 1677–1689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, RL, Williams, JB, Kroenke, K, Linzer, M, deGruy, FV 3rd, Hahn, SR, Brody, D, Johnson, JG (1994). Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, 1749–1756.Google Scholar
Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW, Gibbon, M, First, MB (1992). The Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: History, rationale, and description. Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 624–629.Google Scholar
van Haren, NE, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Schnack, HG, Cahn, W, Brans, R, Carati, I, Rais, M, Kahn, RS (2008). Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood. Biological Psychiatry 63, 106–113.Google Scholar
Veijola, J, Guo, JY, Moilanen, JS, Jaaskelainen, E, Miettunen, J, Kyllonen, M, Haapea, M, Huhtaniska, S, Alaraisanen, A, Maki, P, Kiviniemi, V, Nikkinen, J, Starck, T, Remes, JJ, Tanskanen, P, Tervonen, O, Wink, AM, Kehagia, A, Suckling, J, Kobayashi, H, Barnett, JH, Barnes, A, Koponen, HJ, Jones, PB, Isohanni, M, Murray, GK (2014). Longitudinal changes in total brain volume in schizophrenia: relation to symptom severity, cognition and antipsychotic medication. PLOS ONE 9, e101689.Google Scholar
Vita, A, De Peri, L, Deste, G, Sacchetti, E (2012). Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies. Translational Psychiatry 2, e190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, AY, Lohmann, KM, Yang, CK, Zimmerman, EI, Pantazopoulos, H, Herring, N, Berretta, S, Heckers, S, Konradi, C (2011). Bipolar disorder type 1 and schizophrenia are accompanied by decreased density of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive interneurons in the parahippocampal region. Acta Neuropathologica 122, 615–626.Google Scholar
Zipursky, RB, Reilly, TJ, Murray, RM (2013). The myth of schizophrenia as a progressive brain disease. Schizophrenia Bulletin 39, 1363–1372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: PDF

Haukvik supplementary material

Haukvik supplementary material 1

Download Haukvik supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 401.3 KB
Supplementary material: File

Haukvik supplementary material

Haukvik supplementary material 2

Download Haukvik supplementary material(File)
File 84 KB