Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
fMRI of Intrasubject Variability in ADHD: Anomalous Premotor Activity With Prefrontal Compensation
Section snippets
Participant Selection
Twenty-five children with ADHD and 25 sex-matched TD children (controls) participated in this study. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, from local area pediatricians, schools, social/service organizations (e.g., Boy/Girl Scouts), and chapters of Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and from advertisements in the community (e.g., postings at libraries). Children were between the ages of 8 and 13 years and had Full
Behavioral Results
There was no significant difference between TD and ADHD groups for commission errors (t48 = 0.32, p = .75), omission errors (t48 = −0.05, p = .96), reaction time (t48 = 0.78, p = .44), and CV (t48 = 1.01, p = .32). See Table 1 for subject demographics and behavioral data. CV correlated with commission errors for the entire group (TD + ADHD) (r48 = 0.45, p = .001) and for the ADHD group (r23 = .51, p = .01). For the TD children, a strong trend toward correlation existed (r23 = .37, p = .07).
fMRI Results
Discussion
The differences in neural mechanisms underlying simple, overlearned response selection and inhibition in TD children and children with ADHD were studied by examining correlates of ISV in performance, as measured by the CV, during a simplified Go/No-go task. Consistent with previous reports, variability in performance was correlated with the rate of inhibitory failure within this cohort, supporting the notion that both reflect related aspects of response control. Dissociation was noted between
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This study was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: K02NS04485 (S.M.), R01NS047781 (S.M.); the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: K12HD001097 (S.S.), P30HD24061 (Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center); and Johns Hopkins General Clinical Research Center M01RR00052.