In a morphometric study of the anterior cerebellar vermis of 47 brains in the Yakovlev collection, the area of the vermis of 5 of 12 brains of schizophrenic patients was smaller than that of any of 11 brains of control subjects without psychiatric or neurologic disease and 9 of 10 brains of control subjects with other psychiatric diagnoses (p less than .02). This finding confirms computerized tomography scan observations in live patients and supports the idea that some schizophrenic patients have structural abnormalities of the cerebellar vermis.