Converging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) transmission in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is modulated locally by an excitatory amino acid (EAA)-containing input possibly originating in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we examined the effects of intra-NAcc administration of EAA receptor antagonists on stress-induced increases of NAcc DA levels and of dendritically released DA in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Local injection of the NMDA receptor antagonist-AP-5 (0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 nmoles)-dose-dependently potentiated increases in NAcc DA levels elicited by 15 min of restraint stress. In contrast, local application of equivalent doses of the kainate/AMPA receptor antagonist-DNQX-failed to alter the NAcc DA stress response reliably. In a separate experiment, we found that intra-NAcc injection of AP-5 also potentiated stress-induced increases in VTA DA levels. These results indicate that EAAs acting at NMDA receptors in NAcc can modulate stress-induced DA release in this region. Our data indicate, however, that this action exerts an inhibitory influence on the NAcc DA stress response, suggesting that the relevant population of NMDA receptors are not located on NAcc DA terminals. The fact that intra-NAcc AP-5 injections also potentiated the DA stress response in VTA suggests instead an action mediated by NMDA receptors located on NAcc neurons that feedback, directly or indirectly, to cell bodies of the mesocorticolimbic DA system.