In addition to traditional uses as dyes and in photocopying devices, 1 phthalocyanines (Pcs)
are now rapidly growingin im-portance in many fields such as chemical sensors, …

Background Growing attention has been paid to the field of gut microbiota for mental disorders
over the last decade. However, to our knowledge, no studies have conducted systematic …

Alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission are implicated in the pathophysiology of
depression, and the glutamatergic system represents a treatment target for depression. To …

Abnormalities of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology
of depression. However, the relationships between depression and each metabolite of the …

Background The glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypotheses of
schizophrenia were proposed in the 1980s. However, current findings on those metabolite levels …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α7 nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors that is derived from astrocytes as part of the kynurenine pathway …

Currently available treatments have limited pro-cognitive effects for neuropsychiatric
disorders, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The primary …

… Author links open overlay panel Eric Plitman a b , Shinichiro Nakajima a c d e , Camilo de
la Fuente-Sandoval f g , Philip Gerretsen a b d e , M. Mallar Chakravarty h i , Jane Kobylianskii …

Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, one-third
of patients do not show adequate improvement in positive symptoms with non-clozapine …

Background In terms of antipsychotic treatment response, patients with schizophrenia can
be classified into three groups: 1) treatment resistant to both non-clozapine (non-CLZ) …