Background The glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypotheses of
schizophrenia were proposed in the 1980s. However, current findings on those metabolite levels …

Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are
thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies …

Background Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in
the central nervous system. GABAergic dysfunction has been implicated in the …

Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported white matter alterations in
patients with schizophrenia. Notably, one third of this population does not respond to first-line …

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious mental disorder, and its pathogenesis is complex. Recently,
the glutamate hypothesis and the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis have …

Although schizophrenia is associated with increased presynaptic dopamine function in the
striatum, it remains unclear if neuromelanin levels, which are thought to serve as a biomarker …

Purpose Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of
instability in the B 0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the …

Background Thirty percent of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to non-clozapine
antipsychotics and are termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The 40-Hz auditory …

Background: Abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are thought to play an
important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Given regional variations in ACC …

Quantitative susceptibility mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures
brain tissues’ magnetic susceptibility, including iron deposition and myelination. This …