Objectives: Via an international panel of experts, this paper attempts to document, review,
interpret, and propose operational definitions used to describe the course of bipolar disorders …

Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety conditions
with impairment in social life. Cannabidiol (CBD), one major non-psychotomimetic compound …

Background Numerous studies have documented high rates of functional impairment among
bipolar disorder (BD) patients, even during phases of remission. However, the majority of …

BACKGROUND: The neurobiology of bipolar disorder is not completely understood. Cytokines
have received increasing attention as potential mediators of the interaction with immune, …

There is now strong evidence of progressive neuropathological processes in bipolar disorder
(BD). On this basis, the current understanding of the neurobiology of BD has shifted from …

Objective The risk-benefit profile of antidepressant medications in bipolar disorder is
controversial. When conclusive evidence is lacking, expert consensus can guide treatment …

The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) published guidelines
for the management of bipolar disorder in 2005, with a 2007 update. This second update, in …

Background Studies investigating inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
have yielded mixed results. The aim of our study was to compare concentrations of …

Bipolar I disorder (BD) has a poorer longer-term outcome than previously thought, with
persistent cognitive impairment and functional decline. The neurobiological underpinnings that …

The molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular lost found in the nigrostriatal pathway
during the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not completely understood. Human …