Aging and chronic inflammation are independent risk factors for the development of
atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that aging-associated inflammation …

Extracellular dopamine levels were measured in the rat nucleus accumbens by means of in
vivo microdialysis. Delivery of rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation at a low rate (5 …

Initiating drug use during adolescence increases the risk of developing addiction or other
psychopathologies later in life, with long-term outcomes varying according to sex and exact …

The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue pathway plays a critical role in guiding growing axons toward
the prefrontal cortex during adolescence and in the maturational organization and adult …

Dopamine-containing neurons have been implicated in reward and decision making. One
element of the supporting evidence is that cocaine, like other drugs that increase …

Dopaminergic neurons contribute to intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and other reward-seeking
behaviors, but it is not yet known where dopaminergic neurons intervene in the neural …

For some individuals, social stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders characterized by
adolescent onset, prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Social …

Reward-associated stimuli can both evoke conditioned responses and acquire reinforcing
properties in their own right, becoming avidly pursued. Such conditioned stimuli (CS) can …

Background Impaired decision making, a hallmark of addiction, is hypothesized to arise from
maladaptive plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. The endocannabinoid system …

Importance The US faces a pivotal moment of opportunity and risk regarding issues affecting
children (aged 0-17 years). Although the US remains the only United Nations member state …