A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International
Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in …

Noninvasive transcranial stimulation is being increasingly used by clinicians and
neuroscientists to alter deliberately the status of the human brain. Important applications are the …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical and
magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for …

Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing
transcranial direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor hand area (M1) can produce
lasting polarity‐specific effects on corticospinal excitability and motor learning in humans…

Recent experimental work in animals has emphasized the importance of homeostatic
plasticity as a means of stabilizing the properties of neuronal circuits. Here, we report a …

In the last decade, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used increasingly as a
tool to explore the mechanisms and consequences of cortical plasticity in the intact human …

A high percentage of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) develop clinical dementia
of the Alzheimer type (AD) within 1 year. The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify …

Objective: To study the short-term effects of slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) of the motor cortex on cortical excitability and handwriting in patients with writer’s …