The present experiments examined the role of spinal proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β
(IL-1)] and chemokines (fractalkine) in acute analgesia and in the development of …

Serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are implicated in mediating
learned helplessness (LH) behaviors, such as poor escape responding and expression of …

Extracellular heat-shock proteins (eHsp) such as those belonging to the 70-kDa family of Hsp
(eg, Hsp72) have been hypothesized to act as a “danger signal” to immune cells, promote …

Acute stress can compromise acquired, and potentiate innate, immunity. Recent evidence
suggests that the impact of stress on measures of immunity can be modulated by the physical …

Heat-shock proteins (Hsp) play an important role in stress physiology. Exposure to a variety
of stressors will induce intracellular Hsp72, and this induction is believed to be beneficial for …

To increase student engagement, active participation, and performance, personal response
systems (clickers) were incorporated into six lecture-based sections of four required courses …

Heat-shock protein concentrations in the blood increase after exposure to a variety of
stressors, including trauma and psychological stress. Although the physiological function of …

Having a large social network is generally beneficial to health. However, it is unclear how
Internet-based social networks might influence health. Chronic stress can have negative …

Undergraduate students routinely experience acute psychosocial stress when interviewing
for post-collegiate employment. While numerous studies have demonstrated that acute stress …

The mechanism(s) for how physically active organisms are resistant to many damaging
effects of acute stressor exposure is unknown. Cellular induction of heat-shock proteins (eg, …