Although accumulating evidence highlights a crucial role of the insular cortex in feelings,
empathy and processing uncertainty in the context of decision making, neuroscientific models …

Little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying prosocial decisions and
how they are modulated by social factors such as perceived group membership. The present …

Understanding how organisms deal with probabilistic stimulus-reward associations has
been advanced by a convergence between reinforcement learning models and primate …

In decision-making under uncertainty, economic studies emphasize the importance of risk in
addition to expected reward. Studies in neuroscience focus on expected reward and …

Our decisions are guided by the rewards we expect. These expectations are often based on
incomplete knowledge and are thus subject to uncertainty. While the neurophysiology of …

The acknowledged importance of uncertainty in economic decision making has stimulated
the search for neural signals that could influence learning and inform decision mechanisms. …

This article analyzes the simple Rescorla–Wagner learning rule from the vantage point of
least squares learning theory. In particular, it suggests how measures of risk, such as …

Individual risk preferences have a large influence on decisions, such as financial investments,
career and health choices, or gambling. Decision making under risk has been studied …

Surprise describes a range of phenomena from unexpected events to behavioral responses.
We propose a novel measure of surprise and use it for surprise-driven learning. Our …

The brain has been theorized to employ inferential processes to overcome the problem of
uncertainty. Inference is thought to underlie neural processes, including in disparate domains …