… Two D 1 -like receptor subtypes (D 1 and D 5 ) couple to the G protein G s and activate
adenylyl cyclase. The other receptor subtypes belong to the D 2 -like subfamily (D 2 , D 3 , and D …

Disruption of the mouse dopamine transporter gene results in spontaneous hyperlocomotion
despite major adaptive changes, such as decreases in neurotransmitter and receptor levels…

The past few years have been an exciting period in the field of receptor biology as remarkable
similarities among various signal transduction systems have been revealed. Many such …

Cellular responses to many hormones and neurotransmitters wane rapidly despite continuous
exposure of cells to these stimuli. This phenomenon, termed desensitization, has been …

The adenylate cyclase system, which consists of a catalytic moiety and regulatory guanine
nucleotide-binding proteins, provides the effector mechanism for the intracellular actions of …

Homologous or agonist-specific desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors is thought to be
mediated by a specific kinase, the β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK). However, recent data …

The classical biogenic amine neurotransmitters — dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine
— control a variety of functions including locomotion, autonomic function, …

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) represent a subclass of glutamate receptors that
play a critical role in neuronal development and physiology. We report here the generation …

The ability of morphine to alleviate pain is mediated through a heterotrimeric guanine
nucleotide binding protein (G protein)–coupled heptahelical receptor (GPCR), the μ opioid …

Morphine is a powerful pain reliever, but also a potent inducer of tolerance and dependence.
The development of opiate tolerance occurs on continued use of the drug such that the …