Objective: Research and clinical translation in schizophrenia is limited by inconsistent
definitions of treatment resistance and response. To address this issue, the authors evaluated …

Context To understand the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs, it is critical to recognize
the time course over which these medications take effect. Current models of antipsychotic …

Negative symptoms have long been recognized as a central feature of the phenomenology
of schizophrenia, dating back to the early descriptions by Kraepelin and Bleuler. Over the …

Objective: Early, effective treatment in first-episode schizophrenia is advocated, although
evidence based on a systematic approach over multiple antipsychotic trials is lacking. …

It has long been recognized that environmental stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis
of psychiatric disorders. The relationship is complex and the neurobiological mechanisms …

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms
despite ≥2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with documented …

Background Motivational impairments are a core feature of schizophrenia and although
there are numerous reports studying this feature using clinical rating scales, objective …

ABSTRACT Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) occurs in approximately 30% of
individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The identification and management of TRS in clinical …

Opinion Statement Interest in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia has increased rapidly
over the last several decades, paralleling a growing interest in functional, in addition to …

OBJECTIVE: It is widely held that there is a delayed onset of antipsychotic action and that
any early effects represent nonspecific behavioral effects. Recent research has shown that …