The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, to revisit the issue of the definition of stress and
to highlight the difficulties with the contemporary definitions and, second, to review the …

It has been reported (1) that rats which had been" gentled"(that is, picked up and stroked
once daily for 21 days postweaning) were heavier and reacted with less cardiovascular and …

Male Purdue-Wistar rats were handled for 20 days in infancy or were not disturbed (total N =
312). In adulthood these animals were subdivided and tested in the open field for 1, 2, 3, or …

METHODS Carotid Ligation Female, IOO to 300 gm., albino Wistar rats were used. Ligation
was performed under pentobarbital anesthesia in rats which were exposed to anoxic anoxia …

Studies with nonhuman primates and rodents, as well as with human children, have
suggested that early separations from caregivers are often associated with changes in the …

Children who enter foster care have usually experienced maltreatment as well as disruptions
in relationships with primary caregivers. These children are at risk for a host of problematic …

A number of hormones secreted from the pituitary—adrenal system during stress affect
learning and memory processes. The phenomenon of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) …

Handling rat pups either for 10 or 20 days after birth resulted in a reduction of adrenocortical
steroids in the plasma at weaning after the pups were exposed to novel stimuli as compared …

In the developing rodent, there is a period from about days 4 to 14 when the adrenal
response to stress is either minimal or non-existent. This has been designated as the stress …

A group of rats was trained to escape low-intensity shock in a shuttle-box test, while another
group of yoked controls could not escape but was exposed to the same amount and regime …