The degree of behavioral control that an organism has over a stressor is a potent modulator
of the stressor's impact; uncontrollable stressors produce numerous outcomes that do not …

Reviews the literature which examined the effects of exposing organisms to aversive events
which they cannot control. Motivational, cognitive, and emotional effects of uncontrollability …

DOGS WHICH HAD 1ST LEARNED TO PANEL PRESS IN A HARNESS IN ORDER TO
ESCAPE SHOCK SUBSEQUENTLY SHOWED NORMAL ACQUISITION OF ESCAPE/…

When experience with uncontrollable events gives rise to the expectation that events in the
future will also elude control, disruptions in motivation, emotion, and learning may ensue." …

In this chapter we argue that a variety of behavioral, affective, and cognitive phenomena are
driven by events in the immune system. These events occur in response to infection, injury, …

Pain is classically viewed as being mediated solely by neurons, as are other sensory
phenomena. The discovery that spinal cord glia (microglia and astrocytes) amplify pain requires a …

: It has recently become accepted that the activated immune system communicates to brain
via release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the possibility that pro-…

Chronic pain can occur after peripheral nerve injury, infection, or inflammation. Under such
neuropathic pain conditions, sensory processing in the affected body region becomes …

The term ‘learned helplessness’ refers to a constellation of behavioral changes that follow
exposure to stressors that are not controllable by means of behavioral responses, but that fail …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …