There is compelling evidence for the involvement of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis abnormalities in depression. Growing evidence has suggested that the combined …

Elevated peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are common findings in schizophrenia and
depression. However, previous studies that measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels …

Objective: Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is the precursor to serotonin and is
metabolized mainly by the kynurenine pathway. Both serotonin and kynurenine have been …

Background: Reports of the superiority of the antidepressant effect of ketamine during the
conduct of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been limited. We conducted an open-label …

The limited number of genome-wide transcriptome analyses using the postmortem brains of
bipolar disorder sufferers has not produced a clear consensus on the molecular pathways …

BackgroundDespite extensive research and recommendations regarding the optimal prescription
of antipsychotic drugs, polypharmacy and excessive dosing still prevail.AimsTo identify …

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, on-the-spot, functional
neuroimaging technique allowing detection of the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain …

… Sumiko Yoshida d , Kunimasa Arima d , Teruhiko Higuchi e , Naoji Amano b , Hiroshi Kunugi
a … Teruhiko Higuchi and Naoji Amano gave critical comments on the manuscript. All authors …

The authors examined the correlations among plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, progesterone,
testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and their relationship with …

… Teruhiko Higuchi contributed to the data collection and gave critical comments on the
manuscript. Hiroshi Kunugi supervised the entire project, contributed to the data collection, and …