Nervous systems must encode information about the identity of expected outcomes to make
adaptive decisions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying identity-specific value …

The primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in reward processing, learning, and
decision making. Research in monkeys has shown that this region is densely connected with …

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol dependence may be associated with dysfunction of mesolimbic circuitry,
such that anticipation of nonalcoholic reward fails to activate the ventral striatum, while …

BACKGROUND: Alcohol dependence is often associated with impulsivity, which may be
correlated with dysfunction of the brain reward system. We explored whether functional brain …

Patients suffering from addiction persist in consuming substances of abuse, despite negative
consequences or absence of positive consequences. One potential explanation is that …

During development, children improve in learning from feedback to adapt their behavior.
However, it is still unclear which neural mechanisms might underlie these developmental …

Rationale High blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the ventral striatum including the
nucleus accumbens may interfere with reward anticipation and cause secondary negative …

An optimal choice among alternative behavioral options requires precise anticipatory
representations of their possible outcomes. A fundamental question is how such anticipated …

Generous behaviour is known to increase happiness, which could thereby motivate generosity.
In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging and a public pledge for …

The dominant view that perceptual learning is accompanied by changes in early sensory
representations has recently been challenged. Here we tested the idea that perceptual …