Drug addiction is increasingly viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions from initial
drug use—when a drug is voluntarily taken because it has reinforcing, often hedonic, effects—…

Impulsivity is the tendency to act prematurely without foresight. Behavioral and neurobiological
analysis of this construct, with evidence from both animal and human studies, defines …

An analysis is provided of three distinct paradigms that have been used to study executive
functions of the prefrontal cortex involving planning, self-ordered memory or attentional set-…

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to allow
the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted view …

The analysis of the behavioural and neural mechanisms of reinforcement and motivation has
benefited from the recent application of learning theory and better anatomical knowledge of …

The precise localization of executive functions such as response inhibition within the prefrontal
cortex (PFC), although theoretically crucial, has proven to be controversial and difficult 1 . …

During rest, brain activity is synchronized between different regions widely distributed throughout
the brain, forming functional networks. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting …

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) has long been implicated in a wide variety of emotional,
cognitive and behavioural control processes. However, its precise contribution is still not …

We know how many drugs of abuse–cocaine, heroin and nicotine–work, but less about how
they lead to addiction. Studies of the brain-learning systems concerned are addressing the …

It is controversial whether different cognitive functions can be mapped to discrete regions of
the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The localisationist tradition has associated one cognitive function …