Previous studies demonstrated that antidepressant treatment increases the expression of
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat hippocampus. The present study was …

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic antidepressant treatment
increases the expression of the cyclic amp (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) in …

The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of using plasma levels of amino acids as an
indicator of the severity of depression. The samples were collected from 23 depressed …

Rats exposed to learned helplessness (LH), an animal model of depression, showed a
recovery following an intracerebroventricular injection of nor‐binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (…

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related
kinase B (TrkB), signaling represent potential therapeutic targets for major depressive …

Background Glutathione (GSH), a major intracellular antioxidant, plays a role in NMDA
receptor-mediated neurotransmission, which is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. …

There is accumulating evidence that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in
the pathophysiology of depression. Given that clinical depression is marked by anhedonia (…

Neuro-inflammation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of depression.
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body and has recently been reported to exert anti-…

BACKGROUND: Sigma-1 receptors might be implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric
diseases, as well as in the mechanisms of action of some selective serotonin reuptake …

… Shirayama and Hashimoto designed the study and wrote the protocol. Drs. … Shirayama and
Yang undertook the statistical analysis. Drs. Shirayama and Hashimoto wrote the first draft of …