Antipsychotic drugs are central to the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic
disorders but are ineffective for some patients and associated with side-effects and …

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary
negative symptoms are thought to be intrinsic to schizophrenia, while secondary negative …

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia comprise a group of severe symptoms contributing to
high disease burden and poor long-term prognosis. Conceptual work has shown that these …

Primary and persistent negative symptoms (PPNS) represent an unmet need in the care of
people with schizophrenia. They have an unfavourable impact on real-life functioning and …

We previously proposed that people with schizophrenia who have primary, enduring
negative symptoms have a disease—deficit schizophrenia (DS)—that is separate from that …

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into two domains. Avolition/apathy
includes the individual symptoms of avolition, asociality and anhedonia. Diminished …

The central adenosine system and adenosine receptors play a fundamental role in the
modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. This is mostly achieved by the strategic co …

Social withdrawal is found across neuropsychiatric disorders and in numerous animal
species under various conditions. It has substantial impact on the quality of life in patients …

Apathy is a multidimensional symptom composed of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional
facets including impaired motivation and reduced goal-directed behavior. Apathy belongs to …

Abstract Introduction The Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) includes five domains of
negative symptoms suggested by the NIMH Consensus Development Conference …