Schizophrenia is a disorder with a heterogeneous etiology involving complex interplay
between genetic and environmental risk factors. The immune system is now known to play …

Humans evolved within a microbial ecosystem resulting in an interlinked physiology. The gut
microbiota can signal to the brain via the immune system, the vagus nerve or other host …

The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the
nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome …

The prevalence of anxiety, mood and trauma-and stress-related disorders are on the rise;
however, efforts to develop new and effective treatment strategies have had limited success …

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder involving the convergence
of a complex and dynamic bidirectional interaction of genetic expression and the …

Stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder
(MDD) and can induce inflammation, which is known to be dysregulated in depression …

Converging lines of evidence from basic science and clinical studies suggest a relationship
between maternal immune activation (MIA) and neurodevelopmental disorders such as …

Comprehending the pathogenesis of schizophrenia represents a challenge for global
mental health. To date, although it is evident that alterations in dopaminergic, serotonergic …

Abnormalities of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of
depression and suicide. Interactions of TLRs with pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

There is evidence that schizophrenia is characterized by activation of the immune-
inflammatory response (IRS) and compensatory immune-regulatory systems (CIRS) and …