Abstract
Pediatric neuroimaging studies1,2,3,4,5, up to now exclusively cross sectional, identify linear decreases in cortical gray matter and increases in white matter across ages 4 to 20. In this large-scale longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study, we confirmed linear increases in white matter, but demonstrated nonlinear changes in cortical gray matter, with a preadolescent increase followed by a postadolescent decrease. These changes in cortical gray matter were regionally specific, with developmental curves for the frontal and parietal lobe peaking at about age 12 and for the temporal lobe at about age 16, whereas cortical gray matter continued to increase in the occipital lobe through age 20.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Jernigan, T. L., Trauner, D. A., Hesselink, J. R. & Tallal, P. A. Brain 114, 2037–2049 (1991).
Pfefferbaum, A. et al. Arch. Neurol. 51, 874–887 (1994).
Caviness, V. S. Jr., Kennedy, D. N., Richelme, C., Rademacher, J. & Filipek, P. A. Cereb. Cortex. 6, 726–736 (1996).
Reiss, A. L., Abrams, M. T., Singer, H. S., Ross, J. L. & Denckla, M. B. Brain 119, 1763–1774 (1996).
Giedd, J. N. et al. Cereb. Cortex. 6, 551–560 (1996).
Lange, N., Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Vaituzis, A. C. & Rapoport, J. L. Psychiatry Res. (in press).
Zijdenbos, A. P., Dawant, B. M. & Margolin, R. A. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 18, 11–23 (1994).
Giedd, J. N. et al. Prog. Neurosychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 23, 571–588 (1999).
Hand, D. J. & Crowder, M. J. Practical Longitudinal Data Analysis (Chapman and Hall, London, 1996).
Rakic, P., Bourgeois, J. P., Eckenhoff, M. F., Zecevic, N. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. Science 232, 232–235 (1986).
Huttenlocher, P. R. & Dabholkar, A. S. J. Comp. Neurol. 387, 167–178 (1997).
Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E. & Mazziotta, J. C. Ann. Neurol. 22, 487–497 (1987).
Feinberg, I. J. Psychiatr. Res. 10, 283–386 (1974).
Kleim, J. A., Lussnig, E., Schwarz, E. R., Comery, T. A. & Greenough, W. T. J. Neurosci. 16, 4529–4535 (1996).
Bourgeois, J. P., Jastreboff, P. J. & Rakic, P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 4297–4301 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Giedd, J., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci 2, 861–863 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
This article is cited by
-
Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments
Nature Reviews Neurology (2024)
-
Abnormal developmental of structural covariance networks in young adults with heavy cannabis use: a 3-year follow-up study
Translational Psychiatry (2024)
-
Lifespan development of thalamic nuclei and characterizing thalamic nuclei abnormalities in schizophrenia using normative modeling
Neuropsychopharmacology (2024)
-
Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke
Translational Stroke Research (2024)
-
Different discrete motor-unit activation patterns in the flexor carpi radialis in boys and men
European Journal of Applied Physiology (2024)