Butler and Schanberg (73) | Infant cerebellar putrescine and brain ODC activity decreased after maternal separation. |
Gilad et al (74) | Only chronic lithium treatment prevented glucocorticoid-induced increases in ODC, AMD1 and SAT1 activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex. |
Gilad and Gilad (75) | Hippocampal ODC activity increased after each episode of chronic intermittent stress, first episode reduced hippocampal AMD1 activity and increased liver ODC activity, but both remained constant after all subsequent treatments. Chronic lithium treatment only prevented increases in hippocampal ODC activity. |
Gilad et al (76) | Decreased hippocampal ODC and AMD1 activities after acute stress at day 5, no change in striatal ODC activity. Adult PSR pattern in hippocampus and striatum apparent at day 30. Increased behavioural responses and attenuated increases in ODC activity when stressed at day 7 and then rechallenged as adults. |
Gilad et al (77) | Adult behavioural responses reduced in animals subjected to mild intermittent postnatal stress and increased in animals that received acute postnatal stress. No differences in stress-induced ODC activity between adults who received either mild or acute postnatal stress. Enhanced increase in liver ODC activity when subjected to acute postnatal stressors and then rechallenged as adults. Adult polyamine concentrations unaffected by postnatal stressors. |
Gilad et al (78) | ODC activity and putrescine increased in liver and decreased in thymus after acute stress at all ages, only increased in hippocampus of adults. Basal ODC activity after adrenalectomy increased in hippocampus and thymus and decreased in liver; increased basal putrescine and spermine in hippocampus and basal putrescine in thymus. Adrenalectomy enhanced stress-induced changes in ODC activity in hippocampus, liver, and thymus, and putrescine changes in liver and thymus. |
Gilad et al (79) | Putrescine increased in hippocampus after each stress episode; increases in spermidine and spermine delayed and transient. α-DFMO combined with stress depleted putrescine and decreased spermidine and spermine in hippocampus, produced behavioural changes. |
Sohn et al (80) | Acute stress increased putrescine in frontal cortex and hippocampus. Chronic stress did not alter putrescine, spermidine or spermine. Putrescine concentrations differ between rat strains. |
Gilad and Gilad (25) | Greater induced changes in ODC and polyamines in rat strain more reactive to stress. |
Lavinsky et al (81) | Agmatine anxiolytic effects occur either through NOS, NMDAR or α2-adrenoceptors. |
Aricioglu and Altunbas (69) | Agmatine demonstrated anxiolytic effects. |
Aricioglu et al (82) | Increased agmatine in plasma and frontal cortex during stress, no changes in hypothalamus, medulla, cerebellum or hippocampus. |
Hayashi et al (83) | Stress increased putrescine and decreased spermine in frontal cortex and hypothalamus, no effects in plasma. Anxiolytic pretreatment prevented putrescine increases. |
Gong et al (84) | Agmatine demonstrated anxiolytic effects. |
Li et al (85) | Agmatine increased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronically stressed mice. |
Lee et al (86) | Stress increased brain putrescine, prevented by anxiolytic pretreatment. No alterations in spermine, spermidine or acetylated products. |