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- Figure 1
At the start of each block, participants were instructed to make a judgment about similarity or preference. Each trial started with a fixation period of 1500–2000 ms, followed by the stimulus and response arrays. The stimulus array consisted of 3 colour swatches on which participants made their judgment. Then, a dark grey horizontal line appeared to indicate the start of the response period, during which participants would press the left or right button to indicate their decision.
- Figure 2
Mean event-related potential amplitudes at different scalp areas, 900–2000 ms after onset of the stimulus array, shown separately for (A) the control group and (B) the MDD group. Responses during the similarity condition are shown in blue, and responses during the preference condition are shown in red. We observed differences between the conditions at frontal and central areas in the MDD group but not in the control group. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05. MDD = major depressive disorder.
- Figure 3
Similarity–preference differences for (A) the MDD group and (B) the control group. The electrodes for which comparisons were done are indicated by black dots in the leftmost topographical maps. These maps show similarity–preference differences over time. The waveforms represent similarity–preference differences for each selected electrode. Significant differences per electrode are shown in black. Periods in which at least 1 difference was found are shaded in grey. Visualizations were created using the EEGVIS toolbox.45 MDD = major depressive disorder.
- Figure 4
Differences in the amplitude of sustained responses between preference and similarity conditions were correlated with scores on (A) the BDI and (B) the RRS (MDD group, orange; control group, grey). We observed significant relationships between amplitude differences and scores for participants with MDD but not for controls. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; MDD = major depressive disorder; RRS = Rumination Response Scale.
- Figure 5
(A) Theta band oscillatory power at Cz as a function of condition for the MDD and control groups. Dots represent values from individuals in the similarity (blue) and preference (red) conditions. Group means are indicated by diamonds. Power spectra from which we obtained values are shown for (B) the control group and (C) the MDD group. Insets show a close-up of the theta range indicated by grey shading in the main spectra. *p < 0.05. MDD = major depressive disorder.
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