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Research Papers

Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa

Kristina L. McFadden, Jason R. Tregellas, Megan E. Shott and Guido K.W. Frank
J Psychiatry Neurosci May 01, 2014 39 (3) 178-188; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.130046
Kristina L. McFadden
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo., USA
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Jason R. Tregellas
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo., USA
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Megan E. Shott
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo., USA
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Guido K.W. Frank
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo., USA
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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  • Fig. 1
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    Fig. 1

    Contrast of salience network activity in (A) control women compared with women with anorexia nervosa (control > anorexia nervosa) and (B) control women compared with recovered women (control > recovered). Data are shown in the radiologic convention on a group average anatomic image; cluster p < 0.01 false-discovery rate–corrected.

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    Fig. 2

    Activity in the (A) salience network (SN) and (B) default mode network (DMN) for individual participants in each group. The z scores reflect activity at the local maxima for the DMN (pre-cuneus) and SN (anterior cingulate cortex). Group comparison significance levels reflect SPM t contrasts, which include multiple comparison correction (see the Methods section). Lines indicate group means. *p < 0.05.

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    Fig. 3

    Contrast of default mode network activity in control women compared with women with anorexia nervose (control > anorexia nervosa). Data are shown in the radiologic convention on a group average anatomic image; cluster p < 0.01 false-discovery rate–corrected.

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    Fig. 4

    Contrast of sensorimotor network activity in (A) control women compared with women with anorerxia nervosa (control > anorexia nervosa) and (B) recovered compared with ill women (recovered > anorexia nervosa). Data are shown in the radiologic convention on a group average anatomic image; cluster p < 0.01 false-discovery rate–corrected.

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    Fig. 5

    Activity in the sensorimotor network (SMN) for individual participants in each group. The z scores reflect activity at the local maxima for the (A) left postcentral gyrus, (B) right postcentral gyrus, and (C) supplementary motor area (SMA). Group comparison significance levels reflect SPM t contrasts, which include multiple comparison correction (see the Methods section). Lines indicate group means. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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    Table 1

    Participant demographic characteristics and behavioural data

    Group; mean ± SD*ANOVA
    CharacteristicAnorexia nervosa, n = 20Recovered, n = 24Control, n = 24Fp valueComparison
    Age, yr22.85 ± 5.7430.25 ± 8.1327.42 ± 6.286.410.003Recovered > anorexia nervosa‡
    Control > anorexia nervosa†
    Age at onset, yr16.15 ± 2.5616.63 ± 2.43—0.400.53
    Education, yr14.40 ± 2.3916.87 ± 2.7416.62 ± 2.066.750.002Recovered > anorexia nervosa‡
    Control > anorexia nervosa‡
    Illness duration, yr6.76 ± 6.235.90 ± 5.21—0.250.62
    Recovery duration, yr—7.90 ± 6.01———
    Body mass index16.03 ± 1.0720.83 ± 2.3721.64 ± 1.2667.37< 0.001Recovered > anorexia nervosa§
    Control > anorexia nervosa§
    BDI24.57 ± 10.454.50 ± 4.211.12 ± 0.9584.94< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > recovered§
    Anorexia nervosa > control§
    STAI50.30 ± 9.4444.96 ± 9.4132.67 ± 11.7917.25< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > control§
    Recovered > control§
    Harm avoidance24.00 ± 5.4015.54 ± 6.479.58 ± 3.9939.25< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > recovered§
    Anorexia nervosa > control§
    Reward sensitivity7.20 ± 3.725.83 ± 3.254.42 ± 2.843.980.023Anorexia nervosa > control‡
    Punishment sensitivity13.15 ± 4.096.62 ± 4.144.04 ± 1.8538.72< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > control§
    Anorexia nervosa > recovered§
    Recovered > control†
    Intolerance of uncertainty86.60 ± 16.2255.17 ± 16.0748.29 ± 12.3439.90< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > recovered§
    Anorexia nervosa > control§
    EDI-2, body dissatisfaction14.15 ± 8.018.54 ± 17.261.37 ± 2.147.190.002Anorexia nervosa > control§
    Recovered > control†
    EDI-2, drive for thinness12.80 ± 6.344.25 ± 4.500.75 ± 1.8740.80< 0.001Anorexia nervosa > recovered§
    Anorexia nervosa > control§
    Recovered > control‡
    Medication use, no.
     Antidepressant750
     Antipsychotic100
     Mood stabilizer100
     Antidepressant and antipsychotic100
     Antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabilizer100
    Comorbid diagnoses, no.
     Major depressive disorder330
     Anxiety disorder440
     Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder620
    • ANOVA = analysis of variance; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; EDI-2: Eating Disorder Inventory-2; SD = standard deviation; STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory.

    • ↵* Unless otherwise indicated.

    • ↵† p < 0.05.

    • ↵‡ p < 0.01.

    • ↵§ p < 0.001.

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    Table 2

    Group comparisons of network activity

    Model; t value, p value
    Network; region; comparisonModel 1*Model 2†Model 3‡
    Salience network
    Anterior cingulate cortex
     Control > anorexia nervosa4.590.0304.420.0023.85< 0.001
     Control > recovered3.870.0394.190.0054.390.011
    Default mode network
    Precuneus
     Control > anorexia nervosa3.580.0233.85< 0.0014.910.013
    Sensorimotor network
    Left postcentral gyrus
     Control > anorexia nervosa5.260.0285.420.0134.400.005
     Control > recovered4.510.064.810.0264.220.024
    Right postcentral gyrus
     Control > anorexia nervosa5.030.0025.21< 0.001—
     Recovered > anorexia nervosa4.500.0084.430.008—
    Supplementary motor area
     Control > anorexia nervosa4.640.0084.910.002—
     Recovered > anorexia nervosa4.460.0194.530.018—
    • ↵* Model 1: covarying for age, body mass index, Beck Depression Inventory score, State Trait Anxiety Inventory score, psychiatric medication use (yes/no).

    • ↵† Model 2: covarying for the same as Model 1, excluding medication use.

    • ↵‡ Model 3: no covariates.

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Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience: 39 (3)
J Psychiatry Neurosci
Vol. 39, Issue 3
1 May 2014
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Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa
Kristina L. McFadden, Jason R. Tregellas, Megan E. Shott, Guido K.W. Frank
J Psychiatry Neurosci May 2014, 39 (3) 178-188; DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130046

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Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa
Kristina L. McFadden, Jason R. Tregellas, Megan E. Shott, Guido K.W. Frank
J Psychiatry Neurosci May 2014, 39 (3) 178-188; DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130046
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