Reduced kynurenine pathway metabolism and cytokine expression in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)

From the Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Clark, Nicholson, Tonelli); the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Pocivavsek, Notarangelo, McMahon, Schwarcz); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Langenberg); the Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Kleinman, Hyde); the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD (Kleinman, Hyde); and the Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Stiller, Postolache)