Reduced signal propagation elicited by frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation is associated with oligodendrocyte abnormalities in treatment-resistant depression

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)

From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Wada, Nakajima, Honda, Takano, Taniguchi, Tsugawa, Y. Mimura, Hattori, M. Mimura, Noda); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Nakajima); Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Takano); the Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Koike); the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Zomorrodi, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA (Daskalakis)